Effect of Bagasse Ash on the Properties of Cement Stabilized Black Cotton Soil

Ahmad Batari; Adamu Umar Chinade; Saeed Modibbo Saeed; Ibrahim Abdulkarim Ikara; Nasir Kabir; Abubakar Mamuda

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijtet.20170304.14

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Effect of Bagasse Ash on the Properties of Cement Stabilized Black Cotton Soil

Ahmad Batari, Adamu Umar Chinade, Saeed Modibbo Saeed, Ibrahim Abdulkarim Ikara, Nasir Kabir, Abubakar Mamuda

Published in International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Technology (Volume 3, Issue 4)

Received: 30 September 2017 Accepted: 23 October 2017 Published: 5 December 2017

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Abstract

When proximate and locally available materials to be used for road pavement construction are deficient to meet the nominal requirements of the intended flexible pavement layer; then stabilization becomes necessary. Therefore, this paper presents the results of laboratory experiments undertaken to assess the effect of sugarcane Bagasse Ash (BA) as an admixture to cement stabilized Black Cotton Soil (BCS). The Bagasse was obtained from a dump-site at Kasuwan Shanu market Bauchi and was incinerated at a controlled temperature range between 600°C and 700°C to get the BA, while the BCS was obtained along Kanawa-Jauro-Gotel road, in Yemaltu-Deba, Gombe, Nigeria. The specimens were prepared by admixing the four blends of cement stabilized BCS (using 0, 4, 6, and 8% cement) with stepped percentage of BA (0, 1, 2, 3 4, 5, and 6%) by dry weight of the BCS. The experiments carried out on both the natural and treated BCS include; Atterberg’s limits, Sieve/hydrometer analysis, Free swell, Compaction, soaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR), and Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) at 7, 14, and 28 days curing periods. The BCS was classified as A – 7 – 6 (68), and CH (high plasticity clay) using the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) and Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) respectively. In addition, the soil was also categorized as High swell potential BCS under Nigerian Building and Road Research Institute (NBRRI) classification. It was found that; addition of BA to cement stabilized BCS affected their compaction characteristics, and improved both the soaked CBR, and the UCS. On the other hand, the addition of BA alone does not improve the strength properties of the natural BCS. The optimum blend was achieved with 5% BA as admixture to BCS stabilized with 8% cement, this blend gave a 7-days soaked CBR of 73% and a UCS value of 851 kN/m² after curing for 7 days therefore, satisfied the sub-base requirements of the Nigerian Federal Ministry of Works. This study finally recommends the use of 5% BA with 8% cement for BCS stabilization for use as sub-base in flexible pavement construction.

Published in	International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Technology (Volume 3, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijtet.20170304.14
Page(s)	67-73
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Bagasse, Black Cotton Soil, Stabilization, California Bearing Ratio, Unconfined Compressive Strength

References

[1]	R. Jatav, “Comparison of Geotechnical Engineering Properties of Black Cotton Soil by Adding Lime and Sugarcane Straw Ash,” vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 103–105, 2016.
[2]	L. C. Dang, H. Hasan, B. Fatahi, R. Jones, and H. Khabbaz, “Enhancing the Engineering Properties of Expansive Soil Using Bagasse Ash and Hydrated Lime,” Int. J. GEOMATE, vol. 11, no. 25, pp. 2447–2454, 2016.
[3]	G. Moses and K. J. Osinubi, “Influence of Compactive Efforts on Cement- Bagasse Ash Treatment of Expansive Black Cotton Soil,” Int. J. Civil, Environ. Struct. Constr. Archit. Eng., vol. 7, no. 7, pp. 1541–1548, 2013.
[4]	FMW, “Highway Manual Part 1: Pavement and Materials Design,” Federal Republic. of Nigeria., vol. III, no. March, 2013.
[5]	B. M. Das, Principles of Foundation Engineering, 7th ed. Stamford, USA: Cengage Learning, 2007.
[6]	B. A. Mir, K. Gupta, and J. N. Jha, “Some Studies on The Behavior of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash Admixed With Cement Stabilized Soil,” Int. Conf. Soil Environ. ICSE, Bangalore, pp. 1–8, 2016.
[7]	L. C. Dang, H. Hasan, B. Fatahi, and H. Khabbaz, “Influence of Strength and Mechanical Behaviour of Bagasse Ash and Hydrated Lime Stabilized Expansive Soil,” GEOQuebec 2015 - Challenges from North to South, 20- 23 Sept., 2015.
[8]	A. S. Kharade, V. V Suryavanshi, B. S. Gujar, and R. R. Deshmukh, “Waste Product ‘ Bagasse Ash ’ From Sugar Industry Can Be Used As Stabilizing Material for Expansive Soils,” IJRET Int. J. Res. Eng. Technol., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 506–512, 2014.
[9]	M. A. Mu’Azu, “Influence of compactive effort on Bagasse ash with cement treated lateritic soil,” Leonardo Electron. J. Pract. Technol., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 79–92, 2007.
[10]	A. Pandey and U. K. Maheshwari, “Influence of Soil Fly Ash And Soil-Bagasse Ash Mixture on Hydraulic Conductivity of Soils,” 2017, pp. 12–21.
[11]	D. T. Sekar, “Utilization of Industrial Wastes for Production of Black Cotton Soil Bricks,” Int. Res. J. Eng. Technol., vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 1089–1094, 2015.
[12]	S. Rani, P. Kumar, R. K. V. Krishna, and S. Praveen, “Stabilization of Clay At Sunnam Cheruvu Area in Nadergul, Hyderabad Using Organic Waste,” in Indian Geotechnical Conference IGC, 2016, no. December, pp. 15–18.
[13]	K. C. Onyelowe, “Cement Stabilized Akwuete Lateritic Soil and the Use of Bagasse Ash as Admixture,” Int. J. Sci. Eng. Investig., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 16–20, 2012.
[14]	A. Mathew and K. Y. Raneesh, “Effect on Strength Characteristics of Expansive Soil Using Sisal Fibre and Waste Materials,” vol. 5, no. 9, pp. 1702–1707, 2016.
[15]	A. Batari, M. Y. Aman, S. M. Saeed, T. Y. Ahmed, and A. U. Chinade, “Rutting Assessment of Crumb Rubber Modifier Modified Warm Mix Asphalt Incorporating Warm Asphalt Additive,” Int. Res. J. Eng. Technol., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 1239–1244, 2017.
[16]	J. Ochepo, A. B. Salahudeen, and J. A. Sadeeq, “Assessment Of Bagasse Ash Effect On The California Bearing Ratio Of Used Oil Contaminated Lateritic Soils,” vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 223–231, 2015.
[17]	Patrick, Khaoya Barasa; Too, Kiptanui Jonah; Mulei, “Stabilization of Expansive Clay Using Lime and Sugarcane,” Math. Theory Model., vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 124–135, 2015.
[18]	K. J. Osinubi, V. Bafyau, and A. O. Eberemu, “Bagasse ash stabilization of lateritic soil,” Appropr. Technol. Environ. Prot. Dev. World Sel. Pap. from ERTEP 2007, July 17-19 2007, Ghana, Africa, pp. 271–280, 2009.
[19]	BS 1377. “Methods of testing soils for civil engineering purposes”. British Standard Institute, London, Great Britain, 1990.
[20]	BS 1924. “Methods of tests for stabilized soils.” British Standard Institute, London, Great Britain, 1990.
[21]	ASTM C618-93 specification “Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for use as Mineral Admixture in Portland Cement Concrete”. Philadelphia, American Society for Testing and Materials, 4(2), 1992.
[22]	NBRRI (Nigerian Building and Road Research Institute), Engineering properties of black cotton soils of Nigeria and related pavement design, NBRRI research paper no. 1, p 22, 1983.
[23]	A. U. Chinade, S. Y. Umar, and K. J. Osinubi, ''Effect of municipal solid waste leachate on the strength of compacted tropical soil for landfill liner''. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 4(6), 3248-3253, 2017.

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APA Style

Ahmad Batari, Adamu Umar Chinade, Saeed Modibbo Saeed, Ibrahim Abdulkarim Ikara, Nasir Kabir, et al. (2017). Effect of Bagasse Ash on the Properties of Cement Stabilized Black Cotton Soil. International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Technology, 3(4), 67-73. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijtet.20170304.14

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ACS Style

Ahmad Batari; Adamu Umar Chinade; Saeed Modibbo Saeed; Ibrahim Abdulkarim Ikara; Nasir Kabir, et al. Effect of Bagasse Ash on the Properties of Cement Stabilized Black Cotton Soil. Int. J. Transp. Eng. Technol. 2017, 3(4), 67-73. doi: 10.11648/j.ijtet.20170304.14

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AMA Style

Ahmad Batari, Adamu Umar Chinade, Saeed Modibbo Saeed, Ibrahim Abdulkarim Ikara, Nasir Kabir, et al. Effect of Bagasse Ash on the Properties of Cement Stabilized Black Cotton Soil. Int J Transp Eng Technol. 2017;3(4):67-73. doi: 10.11648/j.ijtet.20170304.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ijtet.20170304.14,
  author = {Ahmad Batari and Adamu Umar Chinade and Saeed Modibbo Saeed and Ibrahim Abdulkarim Ikara and Nasir Kabir and Abubakar Mamuda},
  title = {Effect of Bagasse Ash on the Properties of Cement Stabilized Black Cotton Soil},
  journal = {International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Technology},
  volume = {3},
  number = {4},
  pages = {67-73},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijtet.20170304.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijtet.20170304.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijtet.20170304.14},
  abstract = {When proximate and locally available materials to be used for road pavement construction are deficient to meet the nominal requirements of the intended flexible pavement layer; then stabilization becomes necessary. Therefore, this paper presents the results of laboratory experiments undertaken to assess the effect of sugarcane Bagasse Ash (BA) as an admixture to cement stabilized Black Cotton Soil (BCS). The Bagasse was obtained from a dump-site at Kasuwan Shanu market Bauchi and was incinerated at a controlled temperature range between 600°C and 700°C to get the BA, while the BCS was obtained along Kanawa-Jauro-Gotel road, in Yemaltu-Deba, Gombe, Nigeria. The specimens were prepared by admixing the four blends of cement stabilized BCS (using 0, 4, 6, and 8% cement) with stepped percentage of BA (0, 1, 2, 3 4, 5, and 6%) by dry weight of the BCS. The experiments carried out on both the natural and treated BCS include; Atterberg’s limits, Sieve/hydrometer analysis, Free swell, Compaction, soaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR), and Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) at 7, 14, and 28 days curing periods. The BCS was classified as A – 7 – 6 (68), and CH (high plasticity clay) using the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) and Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) respectively. In addition, the soil was also categorized as High swell potential BCS under Nigerian Building and Road Research Institute (NBRRI) classification. It was found that; addition of BA to cement stabilized BCS affected their compaction characteristics, and improved both the soaked CBR, and the UCS. On the other hand, the addition of BA alone does not improve the strength properties of the natural BCS. The optimum blend was achieved with 5% BA as admixture to BCS stabilized with 8% cement, this blend gave a 7-days soaked CBR of 73% and a UCS value of 851 kN/m2 after curing for 7 days therefore, satisfied the sub-base requirements of the Nigerian Federal Ministry of Works. This study finally recommends the use of 5% BA with 8% cement for BCS stabilization for use as sub-base in flexible pavement construction.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of Bagasse Ash on the Properties of Cement Stabilized Black Cotton Soil
AU  - Ahmad Batari
AU  - Adamu Umar Chinade
AU  - Saeed Modibbo Saeed
AU  - Ibrahim Abdulkarim Ikara
AU  - Nasir Kabir
AU  - Abubakar Mamuda
Y1  - 2017/12/05
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijtet.20170304.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijtet.20170304.14
T2  - International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Technology
JF  - International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Technology
JO  - International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Technology
SP  - 67
EP  - 73
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1751
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijtet.20170304.14
AB  - When proximate and locally available materials to be used for road pavement construction are deficient to meet the nominal requirements of the intended flexible pavement layer; then stabilization becomes necessary. Therefore, this paper presents the results of laboratory experiments undertaken to assess the effect of sugarcane Bagasse Ash (BA) as an admixture to cement stabilized Black Cotton Soil (BCS). The Bagasse was obtained from a dump-site at Kasuwan Shanu market Bauchi and was incinerated at a controlled temperature range between 600°C and 700°C to get the BA, while the BCS was obtained along Kanawa-Jauro-Gotel road, in Yemaltu-Deba, Gombe, Nigeria. The specimens were prepared by admixing the four blends of cement stabilized BCS (using 0, 4, 6, and 8% cement) with stepped percentage of BA (0, 1, 2, 3 4, 5, and 6%) by dry weight of the BCS. The experiments carried out on both the natural and treated BCS include; Atterberg’s limits, Sieve/hydrometer analysis, Free swell, Compaction, soaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR), and Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) at 7, 14, and 28 days curing periods. The BCS was classified as A – 7 – 6 (68), and CH (high plasticity clay) using the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) and Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) respectively. In addition, the soil was also categorized as High swell potential BCS under Nigerian Building and Road Research Institute (NBRRI) classification. It was found that; addition of BA to cement stabilized BCS affected their compaction characteristics, and improved both the soaked CBR, and the UCS. On the other hand, the addition of BA alone does not improve the strength properties of the natural BCS. The optimum blend was achieved with 5% BA as admixture to BCS stabilized with 8% cement, this blend gave a 7-days soaked CBR of 73% and a UCS value of 851 kN/m2 after curing for 7 days therefore, satisfied the sub-base requirements of the Nigerian Federal Ministry of Works. This study finally recommends the use of 5% BA with 8% cement for BCS stabilization for use as sub-base in flexible pavement construction.
VL  - 3
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Ahmad Batari

Department of Civil Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria
Adamu Umar Chinade

Department of Civil Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria
Saeed Modibbo Saeed

Department of Civil Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria
Ibrahim Abdulkarim Ikara

Department of Civil Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria
Nasir Kabir

Department of Civil Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria
Abubakar Mamuda

Department of Civil Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria

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APA Style

Ahmad Batari, Adamu Umar Chinade, Saeed Modibbo Saeed, Ibrahim Abdulkarim Ikara, Nasir Kabir, et al. (2017). Effect of Bagasse Ash on the Properties of Cement Stabilized Black Cotton Soil. International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Technology, 3(4), 67-73. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijtet.20170304.14

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ACS Style

Ahmad Batari; Adamu Umar Chinade; Saeed Modibbo Saeed; Ibrahim Abdulkarim Ikara; Nasir Kabir, et al. Effect of Bagasse Ash on the Properties of Cement Stabilized Black Cotton Soil. Int. J. Transp. Eng. Technol. 2017, 3(4), 67-73. doi: 10.11648/j.ijtet.20170304.14

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AMA Style

Ahmad Batari, Adamu Umar Chinade, Saeed Modibbo Saeed, Ibrahim Abdulkarim Ikara, Nasir Kabir, et al. Effect of Bagasse Ash on the Properties of Cement Stabilized Black Cotton Soil. Int J Transp Eng Technol. 2017;3(4):67-73. doi: 10.11648/j.ijtet.20170304.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijtet.20170304.14,
  author = {Ahmad Batari and Adamu Umar Chinade and Saeed Modibbo Saeed and Ibrahim Abdulkarim Ikara and Nasir Kabir and Abubakar Mamuda},
  title = {Effect of Bagasse Ash on the Properties of Cement Stabilized Black Cotton Soil},
  journal = {International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Technology},
  volume = {3},
  number = {4},
  pages = {67-73},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijtet.20170304.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijtet.20170304.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijtet.20170304.14},
  abstract = {When proximate and locally available materials to be used for road pavement construction are deficient to meet the nominal requirements of the intended flexible pavement layer; then stabilization becomes necessary. Therefore, this paper presents the results of laboratory experiments undertaken to assess the effect of sugarcane Bagasse Ash (BA) as an admixture to cement stabilized Black Cotton Soil (BCS). The Bagasse was obtained from a dump-site at Kasuwan Shanu market Bauchi and was incinerated at a controlled temperature range between 600°C and 700°C to get the BA, while the BCS was obtained along Kanawa-Jauro-Gotel road, in Yemaltu-Deba, Gombe, Nigeria. The specimens were prepared by admixing the four blends of cement stabilized BCS (using 0, 4, 6, and 8% cement) with stepped percentage of BA (0, 1, 2, 3 4, 5, and 6%) by dry weight of the BCS. The experiments carried out on both the natural and treated BCS include; Atterberg’s limits, Sieve/hydrometer analysis, Free swell, Compaction, soaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR), and Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) at 7, 14, and 28 days curing periods. The BCS was classified as A – 7 – 6 (68), and CH (high plasticity clay) using the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) and Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) respectively. In addition, the soil was also categorized as High swell potential BCS under Nigerian Building and Road Research Institute (NBRRI) classification. It was found that; addition of BA to cement stabilized BCS affected their compaction characteristics, and improved both the soaked CBR, and the UCS. On the other hand, the addition of BA alone does not improve the strength properties of the natural BCS. The optimum blend was achieved with 5% BA as admixture to BCS stabilized with 8% cement, this blend gave a 7-days soaked CBR of 73% and a UCS value of 851 kN/m2 after curing for 7 days therefore, satisfied the sub-base requirements of the Nigerian Federal Ministry of Works. This study finally recommends the use of 5% BA with 8% cement for BCS stabilization for use as sub-base in flexible pavement construction.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of Bagasse Ash on the Properties of Cement Stabilized Black Cotton Soil
AU  - Ahmad Batari
AU  - Adamu Umar Chinade
AU  - Saeed Modibbo Saeed
AU  - Ibrahim Abdulkarim Ikara
AU  - Nasir Kabir
AU  - Abubakar Mamuda
Y1  - 2017/12/05
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijtet.20170304.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijtet.20170304.14
T2  - International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Technology
JF  - International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Technology
JO  - International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Technology
SP  - 67
EP  - 73
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1751
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijtet.20170304.14
AB  - When proximate and locally available materials to be used for road pavement construction are deficient to meet the nominal requirements of the intended flexible pavement layer; then stabilization becomes necessary. Therefore, this paper presents the results of laboratory experiments undertaken to assess the effect of sugarcane Bagasse Ash (BA) as an admixture to cement stabilized Black Cotton Soil (BCS). The Bagasse was obtained from a dump-site at Kasuwan Shanu market Bauchi and was incinerated at a controlled temperature range between 600°C and 700°C to get the BA, while the BCS was obtained along Kanawa-Jauro-Gotel road, in Yemaltu-Deba, Gombe, Nigeria. The specimens were prepared by admixing the four blends of cement stabilized BCS (using 0, 4, 6, and 8% cement) with stepped percentage of BA (0, 1, 2, 3 4, 5, and 6%) by dry weight of the BCS. The experiments carried out on both the natural and treated BCS include; Atterberg’s limits, Sieve/hydrometer analysis, Free swell, Compaction, soaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR), and Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) at 7, 14, and 28 days curing periods. The BCS was classified as A – 7 – 6 (68), and CH (high plasticity clay) using the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) and Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) respectively. In addition, the soil was also categorized as High swell potential BCS under Nigerian Building and Road Research Institute (NBRRI) classification. It was found that; addition of BA to cement stabilized BCS affected their compaction characteristics, and improved both the soaked CBR, and the UCS. On the other hand, the addition of BA alone does not improve the strength properties of the natural BCS. The optimum blend was achieved with 5% BA as admixture to BCS stabilized with 8% cement, this blend gave a 7-days soaked CBR of 73% and a UCS value of 851 kN/m2 after curing for 7 days therefore, satisfied the sub-base requirements of the Nigerian Federal Ministry of Works. This study finally recommends the use of 5% BA with 8% cement for BCS stabilization for use as sub-base in flexible pavement construction.
VL  - 3
IS  - 4
ER  -

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