Background: Tobacco use is one of the major causes of premature death worldwide. The purpose of the present study is to examine which of the known evidence-based control measures actually work, and indentify their preventive or risky effects, in order to determine the various risk areas for any daily tobacco use in Europe. This is a cross-sectional geo-epidemiological study using secondary database data from the World Health Organization. Methods: Data from 2009 were used for all European countries. Daily smoking of any tobacco product (DSTP) and 12 other factors referring to tobacco control, comprise the main under study parameters. The final sample consisted of subjects from 45 European countries. First, the data management was fulfilled. Then, spatial statistics were performed in Arcmap 10 (GIS). Moran’s I and OLS spatial regression model were applied for the detection of spatial correlations and the high risk areas. Results: High spatial heterogeneity was demonstrated through the DSTP distribution. Greece and Austria have the highest rates (38-49%), Bulgaria, Albania, Bosnia Herzegovina, and Russia follow with 30-37%. Three out of the twelve factors examined were found to be random. The rest of them were used in the regression model, highlighting the high risk areas. Greece presented the highest risk (Exp B= 2.9; 95% CI= 2.183-3.326), Bulgaria, Turkey, Serbia and other countries followed (Exp B= 2.7; 95% CI= 1.937-3.013), whereas Finland, Norway and UK proved to be of no present risk (Exp B= 0.76; 95% CI= 0.258-0.936). Conclusions: Geo-epidemiology of tobacco usage monitors the phenomenon’s dynamics, effectively. It offers an insight in applying measures, co-examining for the first time, the effects of twelve measures of tobacco control as possible preventive or risk factors.
| Published in |
Science Journal of Public Health (Volume 3, Issue 3-1)
This article belongs to the Special Issue Spatial Analysis and Mathematics in Health Research, During Times of Global Socio-Economic Instability |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.sjph.s.2015030301.15 |
| Page(s) | 24-29 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Tobacco Use, Control Measures, Spatial Analysis
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APA Style
Pistolla Georgia, Sifaki-Pistolla Dimitra. (2015). Geo-Epidemiology of Tobacco Smoking in Europe and the impact of Twelve Tobacco Control Measures. Science Journal of Public Health, 3(3-1), 24-29. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.s.2015030301.15
ACS Style
Pistolla Georgia; Sifaki-Pistolla Dimitra. Geo-Epidemiology of Tobacco Smoking in Europe and the impact of Twelve Tobacco Control Measures. Sci. J. Public Health 2015, 3(3-1), 24-29. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.s.2015030301.15
AMA Style
Pistolla Georgia, Sifaki-Pistolla Dimitra. Geo-Epidemiology of Tobacco Smoking in Europe and the impact of Twelve Tobacco Control Measures. Sci J Public Health. 2015;3(3-1):24-29. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.s.2015030301.15
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Download@article{10.11648/j.sjph.s.2015030301.15,
author = {Pistolla Georgia and Sifaki-Pistolla Dimitra},
title = {Geo-Epidemiology of Tobacco Smoking in Europe and the impact of Twelve Tobacco Control Measures},
journal = {Science Journal of Public Health},
volume = {3},
number = {3-1},
pages = {24-29},
doi = {10.11648/j.sjph.s.2015030301.15},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.s.2015030301.15},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjph.s.2015030301.15},
abstract = {Background: Tobacco use is one of the major causes of premature death worldwide. The purpose of the present study is to examine which of the known evidence-based control measures actually work, and indentify their preventive or risky effects, in order to determine the various risk areas for any daily tobacco use in Europe. This is a cross-sectional geo-epidemiological study using secondary database data from the World Health Organization. Methods: Data from 2009 were used for all European countries. Daily smoking of any tobacco product (DSTP) and 12 other factors referring to tobacco control, comprise the main under study parameters. The final sample consisted of subjects from 45 European countries. First, the data management was fulfilled. Then, spatial statistics were performed in Arcmap 10 (GIS). Moran’s I and OLS spatial regression model were applied for the detection of spatial correlations and the high risk areas. Results: High spatial heterogeneity was demonstrated through the DSTP distribution. Greece and Austria have the highest rates (38-49%), Bulgaria, Albania, Bosnia Herzegovina, and Russia follow with 30-37%. Three out of the twelve factors examined were found to be random. The rest of them were used in the regression model, highlighting the high risk areas. Greece presented the highest risk (Exp B= 2.9; 95% CI= 2.183-3.326), Bulgaria, Turkey, Serbia and other countries followed (Exp B= 2.7; 95% CI= 1.937-3.013), whereas Finland, Norway and UK proved to be of no present risk (Exp B= 0.76; 95% CI= 0.258-0.936). Conclusions: Geo-epidemiology of tobacco usage monitors the phenomenon’s dynamics, effectively. It offers an insight in applying measures, co-examining for the first time, the effects of twelve measures of tobacco control as possible preventive or risk factors.},
year = {2015}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Geo-Epidemiology of Tobacco Smoking in Europe and the impact of Twelve Tobacco Control Measures AU - Pistolla Georgia AU - Sifaki-Pistolla Dimitra Y1 - 2015/04/11 PY - 2015 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.s.2015030301.15 DO - 10.11648/j.sjph.s.2015030301.15 T2 - Science Journal of Public Health JF - Science Journal of Public Health JO - Science Journal of Public Health SP - 24 EP - 29 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2328-7950 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.s.2015030301.15 AB - Background: Tobacco use is one of the major causes of premature death worldwide. The purpose of the present study is to examine which of the known evidence-based control measures actually work, and indentify their preventive or risky effects, in order to determine the various risk areas for any daily tobacco use in Europe. This is a cross-sectional geo-epidemiological study using secondary database data from the World Health Organization. Methods: Data from 2009 were used for all European countries. Daily smoking of any tobacco product (DSTP) and 12 other factors referring to tobacco control, comprise the main under study parameters. The final sample consisted of subjects from 45 European countries. First, the data management was fulfilled. Then, spatial statistics were performed in Arcmap 10 (GIS). Moran’s I and OLS spatial regression model were applied for the detection of spatial correlations and the high risk areas. Results: High spatial heterogeneity was demonstrated through the DSTP distribution. Greece and Austria have the highest rates (38-49%), Bulgaria, Albania, Bosnia Herzegovina, and Russia follow with 30-37%. Three out of the twelve factors examined were found to be random. The rest of them were used in the regression model, highlighting the high risk areas. Greece presented the highest risk (Exp B= 2.9; 95% CI= 2.183-3.326), Bulgaria, Turkey, Serbia and other countries followed (Exp B= 2.7; 95% CI= 1.937-3.013), whereas Finland, Norway and UK proved to be of no present risk (Exp B= 0.76; 95% CI= 0.258-0.936). Conclusions: Geo-epidemiology of tobacco usage monitors the phenomenon’s dynamics, effectively. It offers an insight in applying measures, co-examining for the first time, the effects of twelve measures of tobacco control as possible preventive or risk factors. VL - 3 IS - 3-1 ER -
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