Conventional cosmology is based on (i) the Edwin Hubble discovery of the relationship between redshifted light and cosmic distance; (ii) the fact that "space" expansion causes spectral redshifting; and (iii) an extrapolation of space-medium expansion encompassing the entire universe. It is a cosmology that utterly fails in explaining the long-standing mystery of Ellipticals. Within an expanding universe (even an accelerating expanding universe) ellipticity cannot be explained. The present Paper turns to an intrinsically cellular cosmology, one that is based on (i) the same discovery made by Edwin Hubble of the redshifted-cosmic-distance relationship; (ii) the same fact that medium expansion causes photons to stretch; and (iii) the new finding that redshifting can occur in regions where the space medium expands as well as where it contracts; this new development is called the velocity differential theory of cosmic redshift and leads inescapably to inherent cellularity. It is shown, herein, how the universe’s cellularity, with its dual-dynamic space medium, is essential for explaining the formation and ellipticity of galaxies (as well as the potential for subsequent galactic interaction).
Published in | American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics (Volume 3, Issue 2) |
DOI | 10.11648/j.ajaa.20150302.11 |
Page(s) | 12-25 |
Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Elliptical Galaxies, Comoving Galaxies, Gravity Domain, Gravity Cells, Dynamic Aether, Cellular Cosmology, DSSU
[1] | E. Hubble, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 15, 168-173 (1929). (http://www.pnas.org/site/misc/Hubble.pdf) |
[2] | ScienceDaily, “Making stars: How cosmic dust and gas shape galaxy evolution,” ScienceDaily, 2010 Nov 10. (http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/11/101122172012.htm) |
[3] | S. Weinberg, Dreams of a Final Theory (Pantheon Books, NY, 1992) p239. |
[4] | R. Penrose, The Emperor’s New Mind (Oxford University Press, New York, 1990) p328. |
[5] | Britannica, Vol.16, 15th Ed (Encyclopedia Britannica Inc., Chicago, 1991) p787. |
[6] | C. Ranzan, “The story of gravity and Lambda —How the theory of Heraclitus solved the dark matter mystery,” Physics Essays Vol.23, No.1, p75-87 (2010). |
[7] | C. Ranzan, “The processes of gravitation –The cause and mechanism of gravitation,” J. Mod. Phys. Appl. Vol.2014:3 (2014). (http://scik.org/index.php/jmpa/article/view/1138) |
[8] | C. Ranzan, “Cosmic Redshift in the Nonexpanding Cellular Universe: Velocity-Differential theory of Cosmic Redshift,” American Journal of Astronomy & Astrophysics (AJAA), Vol.2, No.5, p47-60 (2014). (Doi: 10.11648/j.ajaa.20140205.11) |
[9] | C. Ranzan, Guide to the Construction of the Natural Universe (DSSU Research, Niagara Falls, Canada, 2014). |
[10] | ESO-CERN-ESA Symposium on Astronomy, Cosmology and Fundamental Physics, March 4-7, 2002. Garching bei München, Germany. (http://www.eso.org/sci/meetings/symp2002/) |
[11] | M. I. Scrimgeour et al., “The WiggleZ Dark Energy Survey: the transition to large-scale cosmic homogeneity,” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2012; 425 (1): 116. (doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21402.x) |
[12] | P. Pearce, Structure in Nature Is a Strategy for Design (The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1990) p42. |
[13] | J. P. Henry, U. G. Briel, H. Böhringer, “The evolution of galaxy clusters,” Scientific American (Dec 1998). |
[14] | Space Telescope Science Institute. “Monster 'El Gordo' galaxy cluster is bigger than thought,” ScienceDaily, 2014 April 3. (www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/04/140403141831.htm) |
[15] | B. Keel, “The Extragalactic Distance Scale,” Web article (2003). (http://www.astr.ua.edu/keel/galaxies/distance.html) |
[16] | Kempner et al., “Chandra observations of A85: Merger of the South Subcluster,” ApJ, 579, 236, (2002). (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002ApJ...579..236K) |
[17] | The Cambridge Encyclopaedia of Astronomy. S. Mitton, Ed. (Crown Publishers, Inc., New York, N.Y., 1977) p331. |
[18] | T. T. Arny, Explorations: an Introduction to Astronomy, 2nd Ed. (McGraw Hill, New York, N.Y., 2000) p480 (emphasis added). |
[19] | N. Wolchover, “Fluid tests hint at concrete quantum reality,” Quanta Magazine, (2014 June 24). (https://www.quantamagazine.org/20140624-fluid-tests-hint-at-concrete-quantum-reality/) |
[20] | B. R. Greene, The Fabric of the Cosmos, Space, Time, and the Texture of Reality (Vintage Books, New York, 2005) p335. |
[21] | C. Ranzan, “The fundamental process of energy –A qualitative unification of energy, mass, and gravity,” Infinite Energy Issue #113 (Jan/Feb 2014) & #114 (Mar/Apr 2014). (http://www.infinite-energy.com/iemagazine/issue113/index.html) (http://www.infinite-energy.com/iemagazine/issue114/index.html) |
[22] | T. T. Arny, Explorations: an Introduction to Astronomy, 2nd Ed. (McGraw Hill, New York, N.Y., 2000) p435. |
[23] | C. S. Powell, “Astronomy in the dark,” Scientific American, (April 1995) p22. |
[24] | ScienceDaily, “Galaxies in the early universe mature beyond their years.” ScienceDaily, 2013 March 10. (http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/03/140310213910.htm) |
[25] | S. L. Finkelstein et al., “A galaxy rapidly forming stars 700 million years after the Big Bang at redshift 7.51,” Nature (2013) doi: 10.1038/nature12657 |
[26] | A. P. Fairall, G. G. C. Palumbo, G. Vettolani, G. Kauffmann, A. Jones, G. Baiesi-Pillastrini, “Large-Scale Structure of the Universe … ,” Mon. Not. R. astr. Soc. (1990) 247, Short Communication, p21-25. |
[27] | International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR). "Weirdness in cosmic web of the universe: Faint strings of galaxies in 'empty' space arranged in way never before seen," ScienceDaily, 2014 March 10. (www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/03/140310090612.htm) |
[28] | S. D. Landy, “Mapping the Universe,” Scientific American (June 1999) p38. |
[29] | G. Bothun, “Beyond the Hubble Sequence,” Sky and Telescope (April 2000). |
[30] | Time-Life editors, Chap. “Galactic Conundrums,” in Cosmic Mysteries (Time-Life Books, 1982) p70. |
[31] | C. Ranzan, “The Dynamic Steady State Universe,” Physics Essays Vol.27, No.2, p286-315 (2014). (doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-27.2.286) |
[32] | C. Ranzan, Guide to the Construction of the Natural Universe (DSSU Research, Niagara Falls, Canada, 2014) p82. |
[33] | E. Gibney, “Earth's new address: 'Solar System, Milky Way, Laniakea',” Nature, 2014 Sept. 3, Web article. (http://www.nature.com/news/earth-s-new-address-solar-system-milky-way-laniakea-1.15819). |
APA Style
Conrad Ranzan. (2015). Ellipticity, Its Origin and Progression in Comoving Galaxies. American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 3(2), 12-25. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaa.20150302.11
ACS Style
Conrad Ranzan. Ellipticity, Its Origin and Progression in Comoving Galaxies. Am. J. Astron. Astrophys. 2015, 3(2), 12-25. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaa.20150302.11
AMA Style
Conrad Ranzan. Ellipticity, Its Origin and Progression in Comoving Galaxies. Am J Astron Astrophys. 2015;3(2):12-25. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaa.20150302.11
@article{10.11648/j.ajaa.20150302.11, author = {Conrad Ranzan}, title = {Ellipticity, Its Origin and Progression in Comoving Galaxies}, journal = {American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, pages = {12-25}, doi = {10.11648/j.ajaa.20150302.11}, url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaa.20150302.11}, eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajaa.20150302.11}, abstract = {Conventional cosmology is based on (i) the Edwin Hubble discovery of the relationship between redshifted light and cosmic distance; (ii) the fact that "space" expansion causes spectral redshifting; and (iii) an extrapolation of space-medium expansion encompassing the entire universe. It is a cosmology that utterly fails in explaining the long-standing mystery of Ellipticals. Within an expanding universe (even an accelerating expanding universe) ellipticity cannot be explained. The present Paper turns to an intrinsically cellular cosmology, one that is based on (i) the same discovery made by Edwin Hubble of the redshifted-cosmic-distance relationship; (ii) the same fact that medium expansion causes photons to stretch; and (iii) the new finding that redshifting can occur in regions where the space medium expands as well as where it contracts; this new development is called the velocity differential theory of cosmic redshift and leads inescapably to inherent cellularity. It is shown, herein, how the universe’s cellularity, with its dual-dynamic space medium, is essential for explaining the formation and ellipticity of galaxies (as well as the potential for subsequent galactic interaction).}, year = {2015} }
TY - JOUR T1 - Ellipticity, Its Origin and Progression in Comoving Galaxies AU - Conrad Ranzan Y1 - 2015/05/07 PY - 2015 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaa.20150302.11 DO - 10.11648/j.ajaa.20150302.11 T2 - American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics JF - American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics JO - American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics SP - 12 EP - 25 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2376-4686 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaa.20150302.11 AB - Conventional cosmology is based on (i) the Edwin Hubble discovery of the relationship between redshifted light and cosmic distance; (ii) the fact that "space" expansion causes spectral redshifting; and (iii) an extrapolation of space-medium expansion encompassing the entire universe. It is a cosmology that utterly fails in explaining the long-standing mystery of Ellipticals. Within an expanding universe (even an accelerating expanding universe) ellipticity cannot be explained. The present Paper turns to an intrinsically cellular cosmology, one that is based on (i) the same discovery made by Edwin Hubble of the redshifted-cosmic-distance relationship; (ii) the same fact that medium expansion causes photons to stretch; and (iii) the new finding that redshifting can occur in regions where the space medium expands as well as where it contracts; this new development is called the velocity differential theory of cosmic redshift and leads inescapably to inherent cellularity. It is shown, herein, how the universe’s cellularity, with its dual-dynamic space medium, is essential for explaining the formation and ellipticity of galaxies (as well as the potential for subsequent galactic interaction). VL - 3 IS - 2 ER -